Pharmaceutical Pricing The New Drug War - 2164 Words

Executive Summary The report talks about the news article â€Å"Pharmaceutical Pricing: The New Drug War† and how the concept of â€Å"Cooperation, Collision and Competition† Intellectual Property are related to it. The report also discusses the news article in the light of some theoretical background and talks about Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) deal, which will have some significant impact to certain industries e.g. Pharmaceutical industry, of the countries that will become a part of this deal. Introduction The international trade relationship among countries is complex which combined both challenges and opportunities. International trade agreements between countries might bring some opportunities to some developing countries in some†¦show more content†¦Pharmaceutical industry. A negative aspect of TPP is that it will not encourage competition and positive aspect is that it encourages Intellectual Property protection. Explanation Pharmaceuticals are beneficial to form a public good as they not only prevent epidemics but also keep people healthy in a society. According to The Economist’s report (2014) about Pharmaceutical pricing, Pharmaceutical firms sue those who try to manufacture and sell patented drugs for a song to protect the intellectual property that drugs represent. Due to this, pharmaceutical companies are accused of disregarding the sufferings of the poor and exploiting the sick. These pharmaceutical companies are in business to make a profit hence arguments over drugs pricing are always on the rise. The report mentions activists who are suing to block the patenting in India of a new Hepatitis C drug that has just been consented by American regulators so that the drug can be copied and sold at a cheap price by other companies (Economist, 2014). The intellectual property is essential in pharmaceutical industry, which is usually embodied in laws regarding patents, copyrights and trademarks etc. It motivates the sustainable development of the innovation of the pharmaceutical companies (Richard Rozek 1990). A deal was signed in 1994, in which governments enable a generic drug maker to produce a patented medicine under the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property

The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad Free Essays

In the story of Homer’s Iliad, the roles of women are clearly drawn. The function, from mortal to immortal is to influence male characters. The main female roles also have the functions of mother, daughter, wives, goddesses, and prizes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through out this poetic recount of war, telling of battles on the field, and in heaven, of all the varying roles of the female characters, each one can be pared down to influencer of a male, whether god, or mortal. One of the main figures of the Iliad is Helen of Troy. Her function is that of a prize. She is to be won, taken, and the group that has her is the one who wins. There are other instances in which females are used for the sole purpose of prizes, to be bargained or fought for. Towards the beginning of the Iliad, King Agamemnon is so upset that he has to give Chryseis back to her father, Chryses, in order to make Apollo stop attacking his country, that he takes Achillies’ â€Å"prize†, Briseis. Later on in the story, when trying to make this up to Achillies to try and get him to save Agamemnon and the rest of the Danaans ships, the role of the woman is again to be used as a prize. King Agamemnon states’ â€Å"I have three daughters†¦ let him take the one of his choice, freely and without gifts of wooing,† (Book 9). Even daughters are used as bargaining tools, or prizes by their own fathers. Daughters have different roles in the story, depending on if the daughter is mortal, or immortal. The daughters that are mortal have very little to say about who they are going to marry, or what will happen to them if their city gets â€Å"sacked† and they are to be divided among the fighters as loot. The daughters of the immortals, however, have a much more functioning role, as they are influencer to men and god alike. Minerva, in particular, has a way of getting what she wants from her father Jove. She influences his decisions, so that she can get her own way. Minerva also does as she’s told to, and sends influential messages down to the men in battle more then once, being the good daughter that she is. Minerva is just one of the goddesses listed in the Iliad, and the functions of the goddesses vary, although, the roles are all influential to a male character in some way. Some of the roles of the goddesses are to be a messenger, like Minerva. Jove’s wife, Juno, functions in much the same way as a mortal wife though, when the situation comes to Juno trying to argue a point with her husband, he ends up putting his foot down, and telling her to go sit down and be quiet. This is when they’re discussion whether or not the city of Ilius is going to lose in battle. Even as the goddess with the most power over the other goddesses, she still sits down and does what she has been told. After finding out that Juno and Minerva were on their way down to earth to get into the battle, Jove makes the remark, â€Å"I am less surprised and angry with Juno, for whatever I say she always contradicts me,† (Book 8) Though, Homer does point out that just because Juno has done what Jove told to do, does not mean that she is happy about sitting down and being quiet about not wanting the city destroyed. Juno’s character also serves in the role of the mother. In this role, she remains very protective over the men that she cares about, and influences them not to fight against each other. This role is shown from the very beginning of the work when she sends Minerva down to earth to stop Achillies and Agamemnon from fighting and killing each other, â€Å"because she cares for both of them so,† (Book 1). Immortal mothers are very protective of their mortal sons, but there is an example of a mortal mother not being so protective. During the battle, Hector runs to find his wife, who is looking down at the battle from the top of a wall, with her nursemaid carrying the baby. She pleads with him not to go back to the fight, stating that if he dies, she would have nothing left to live for. Book 8) This would read that she would kill herself, because of his death, and therefore would not be there to raise her own child. Another female role in this epic is of sister. Juno is not only Jove’s wife, but also his sister. The fact that they are related is brought up a few times in the story, when she is called Daughter of Saturn, and Jove being the Son of Saturn. Juno also plays the role of the trickster, as she gets Venus to help her, and Sleep to help her so that she can get Jove to fall asleep. This is detailed about the middle of Book 14. Juno gets Jove to want to have sex with her, and then he falls asleep while holding her. Juno uses her beauty and influence to get Jove to go to sleep. Another sisterly role is played by Althea, Meleager’s mother, as the tale tells of her, â€Å"grieving for the death of her brother, prayed the gods,† (Book 9). Of all the influential roles that women play in the Iliad, the most influential would be that of messenger. Iris is depicted in the role of messenger when she is sent down by Jove to deliver the message to Minerva and Juno that he forbids them to join in the battle. Another major influential messenger is Minerva herself. She is sent down more then once to deliver messages from Jove, and others immortals from heaven. Throughout the story, the functions of the female roles are varied, and are contemporary to their time, during which a man worshiped a female goddess, only to take a young girl from a far away land in order to have more wealth. Most of all, every role can be seen to show that females’ influence over society at the time of Homer was great in some respects, yet even goddesses were subservient to the mighty male Jove. The role of the females concerning war was to influence the soldiers, and to be good wives, taking care of the children. And if the city in which the female lived gets â€Å"sacked†, it then becomes the females role to strictly be property. Though the male character that took her may or may not have feelings for her, she is still at best, loot. Daughters played very influential rules, especially the daughters of Jove, whether trying to get their way, or making Jove mad or happy, the role of his daughters was to influence him, and to have him decide what would come of the great battle. How to cite The Female Function In Homer’s Iliad, Papers

Crisis of Myanmar Rohingya-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: To understand a current crisis situation, it is crucial to understand the history of the nation, its culture, political regime evolution, religion, geographical location, neighbouring nations and their past diplomatic relationships with the nation, the civil structure (including ethnic groups). The chosen crisis is that of Myanmar and the Rohingya. Answer: Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Myanmar crisis Myanmar is a Southeast Asian country whose size is 261,228 square miles (676,578 square kilometers) (Topich et al. 6). Formerly as Burma, the country borders Bangladesh and India to the west, Laos, and Thailand to its west and China to its north. Myanmar has more than 100 ethnic groups whose official language is Burmese, and about seven recognized regional languages (Topich et al. 7). The country's capital city is Naypyidaw. Yangon is the countrys largest city and its former capital city. The country was colonized by Britain until it gained its independence in 1948 (Cederman et al. 11). Before the invasion of British who came in as colonizers, the indigenous inhabitants of Myanmar lived as one community. However, with the British rule in place, there was an introduction of various economic, social-cultural and administrative changes that completely changed the country (Keyes et al. 23). Since independence, the state has witnessed longest-running civil wars from multiple groups representing political and ethnic minority groups and succeeding central governments. Due to conflict, the nation was under the military rule since 1962 until 2010, the situation which left the country to be among the least developed country (Cederman et al. 14). Despite the introduction of a new constitution 2008 and a democratic election in 2010, the military continues to hold significant power within the government (Topich et al. 11). The country's culture is based on Buddhism or Hindu myths, the aspect which has been influenced by its neighboring countries like China and India (Topich et al. 16). Westernization and the presence of the British colonial rule have also profoundly changed many aspects of Burmese culture, including education and language. The country is characterized by diverse ethnic groups which has brought struggle for natural resources, territories, and self-determination among various ethnic groups (Topich et al. 17). Since 1988, Myanmar has continued to expand its regional relationships (Topich et al. 17). Currently, the country is a member of Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC), Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN), United Nations (UN), and World Trade Organization (WTO). Due to the above affiliation, the representatives of UN, EU and those from ASEAN have visited Myanmar (Vivian 2017). As mentioned earlier, Myanmar has undergone various military coups in the 60s, 70s, and 80s (Topich et al. 26). The country maintained the name Burma until 1989 after an army coup led by General Saw Maung when the state changed its name to Myanmar (Topich et al. 27). The regime felt that the name Myanmar was more inclusive of the minority ethnic groups and cultures as opposed to Burma which was derived from one majority ethnic group (Topich et al. 28). Rohingya crisis in 2015 refers to the mass migration of Rohingya people from Myanmar (Vivian 2017). Most of the refugees who fled the country sought refuge in countries like Bangladesh, Malaysia, Indonesia, and Thailand. Rohingya people are a minority Muslim group who lives in the western state of Rakhine in Myanmar. The regime does not acknowledge group as they were referred to as refugees from Bangladesh. As a result, the Rohingya people face a lot of hostility from the government as they are highly prosecuted (Vivian 2017). Therefore, it has led to mass migration to the neighboring states seeking refuge and other humanitarian support. The international community responded to the incident by disapproving the campaign of ethnic cleansing." Many countries who are members to United Nations primarily US and UK pledged to help the Rohingya refugees. Countries like the US even allowed people from the country into state. The UK government has promised to give out 47 million pounds to help in providing emergency services and supplies to the refugees (Vivian 2017). Even the British citizens contributed around 17 million pounds to improve on the menace (Vivian 2017). As a diplomat and an international relations expert, engaging in a few steps which would help in ensuring there are no more refugees fleeing the country, and also warrant that neighboring states are as friendly is essential. First and foremost, urging the government of Myanmar to stop killing and prosecuting Rohingya people and also ensuring their rights are protected which includes right to settle and enjoy life in Myanmar is of essence (Misra 52). Secondly, ensuring engagement in international community including UN and ASEAN to take part in trying to mediate and negotiate with the government of Myanmar to eradicate all the discriminatory laws and allow the Rohingya people to remain in the country (Misra 54). Finally, encouraging the neighboring countries like India and Bangladesh to host the refugees, being friendly by offering all the humanitarian support as diplomat cohorts negotiate for a long-lasting solution (Misra 55). Conclusion Clearly, the level of ethnic division being witnessed in Myanmar traces its way back from the colonial era. Colonization brought division among the people leading to majority and minority groups in the country. The ongoing prosecution and elimination of Rohingya people is a human rights violation, and it should come to an end. Thus, the international community, humanitarian groups, and diplomats should aid in averting further crisis. Works cited Cederman, Lars-Erik, Kristian Skrede Gleditsch, and Halvard Buhaug.Inequality, grievances, and civil war. Cambridge University Press, 2013, pp. 10-19. Keyes, Charles F., and Shigeharu Tanabe.Cultural crisis and social memory: Modernity and identity in Thailand and Laos. Routledge, 2013. pp. 21-38. Misra, Amalendu.Politics of civil wars: conflict, intervention resolution. Routledge, 2013, pp.51-58. Topich, William J., and Keith A. Leitich.The history of Myanmar. ABC-CLIO, 2013, pp.5-35. Vivian Tan. UNHCR report.Over 168,000 Rohingya likely fled Myanmar since 2012, UNHCR, The Refugee Agency, 03 May 2017